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Burley, Washington

Burley, Washington

Burley is an unincorporated community in Kitsap County, Washington. The community is located just north of the boundary with Pierce County, and about half way between Gig Harbor to the south and Port Orchard to the north. It is located at the north end of Carr Inlet. Burley is a residential area. Category:Unincorporated communities in Washington Category:Kitsap County, Washington

Unincorporated community

:Unincorporated

Kitsap County, Washington

Kitsap County is a county located in the state of Washington. It was named after Chief Kitsap of the Suquamish tribe. As of 2000, the population is 231,969. The county seat is at Port Orchard. Its largest city is Bremerton. The United States Navy is of great importance to the county, with installations at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Naval Undersea Weapons Engineering Station, Keyport, and Naval Base Kitsap (which is comprised of former NSB Bangor and NS Bremerton). Kitsap County is connected to the eastern shore of Puget Sound by Washington State Ferries runs from Bremerton to Downtown Seattle and from Southworth to West Seattle via Vashon Island.

Kitsap County
Image:Kitsapcounty-wa.png

Geography

In addition to occupying most of the Kitsap Peninsula, Kitsap County includes both Bainbridge Island and Blake Island. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,466 km² (566 mi²). 1,026 km² (396 mi²) of it is land and 440 km² (170 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 30.04% water.

Geographic features

- Bainbridge Island
- Blake Island
- Colvos Passage
- Dyes Inlet
- Hood Canal
- Kitsap Peninsula
- Liberty Bay
- Port Gamble
- Port Madison
- Port Orchard
- Puget Sound
- Sinclair Inlet

Adjacent counties

- Island County, Washington - northeast
- Snohomish County, Washington - east
- King County, Washington - east/southeast
- Pierce County, Washington - south/southeast
- Mason County, Washington - southwest
- Jefferson County, Washington - northwest

Demographics

As of the census ² of 2000, there are 231,969 people, 86,416 households, and 61,355 families residing in the county. The population density is 226/km² (586/mi²). There are 92,644 housing units at an average density of 90/km² (234/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 84.27% White, 2.87% Black or African American, 1.62% Native American, 4.39% Asian, 0.78% Pacific Islander, 1.43% from other races, and 4.64% from two or more races. 4.14% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 86,416 households out of which 36.00% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.70% are married couples living together, 9.50% have a female householder with no husband present, and 29.00% are non-families. 22.60% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.60% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.60 and the average family size is 3.05. In the county, the population is spread out with 26.80% under the age of 18, 9.20% from 18 to 24, 29.60% from 25 to 44, 23.80% from 45 to 64, and 10.60% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 102.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 101.20 males. The median income for a household in the county is $46,840, and the median income for a family is $53,878. Males have a median income of $39,889 versus $28,586 for females. The per capita income for the county is $22,317. 8.80% of the population and 6.30% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 10.90% of those under the age of 18 and 6.00% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Cities and towns

- Bainbridge Island
- Bangor
- Bremerton
- East Port Orchard
- Erlands Point-Kitsap Lake
- Indianola
- Keyport
- Kingston
- Lemolo
- Manchester
- Navy Yard City
- Parkwood
- Port Orchard
- Poulsbo
- Silverdale
- Suquamish
- Tracyton Category:Seattle metropolitan area Category:Washington counties

Gig Harbor, Washington

Gig Harbor is a city located in Pierce County, Washington. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 6,465. Based on per capita income, one of the more reliable measures of affluence, Gig Harbor ranks 49th of 522 areas in the state of Washington to be ranked.

History

Gig Harbor was first discovered and named by Captain Charles Wilkes. During a heavy storm, the captain brought his Gig (small boat) into the harbor for protection. Later, Captain Wilkes named the sheltered bay Gig Harbor. 1867 brought fisherman Samuel Jerisich to the Gig Harbor area, along with many other immigrants from Sweden, Norway, and Croatia. Commercial fishing and boat building dominated the economy until the building of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge. The increased accessibility that the bridge provided increased both the number of people living in the town and the diversity of the community. It is now considered a developing wealthy suburb of the neighboring Tacoma. Gig Harbor was officially incorporated on July 12, 1946.

Geography

1946Gig Harbor is located at 47°19'37" North, 122°35'11" West (47.327032, -122.586426). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.3 km² (4.4 mi²). 11.3 km² (4.3 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water. See also Raft Island and Puget Sound.

Education

The Peninsula School District is the main school district for the city of Gig Harbor and the unincorporated areas of Gig Harbor and the Key Peninsula. Areas include Artondale, Arletta, Rosedale, Purdy, Wollochet, Vaughn, Lakebay, Longbranch, Crescent Valley and the Kopachuck area.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 6,465 people, 2,880 households, and 1,765 families residing in the city. The population density is 573.8/km² (1,485.2/mi²). There are 3,085 housing units at an average density of 273.8/km² (708.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 94.17% White, 1.11% African American, 0.63% Native American, 1.53% Asian, 0.22% Pacific Islander, 0.54% from other races, and 1.79% from two or more races. 3.03% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 2,880 households out of which 25.1% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% are married couples living together, 9.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 38.7% are non-families. 33.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 16.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.16 and the average family size is 2.75. In the city the population is spread out with 20.3% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 45 years. For every 100 females there are 83.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 78.9 males. The median income for a household in the city is $143,456, and the median income for a family is $157,587. Males have a median income of $146,250 versus $88,487 for females. The per capita income for the city is $78,318. 0.9% of the population and 0.5% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 0.8% of those under the age of 18 and 0.1% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

External links

- [http://www.gigharborchamber.com/ Gig Harbor City Chamber of Commerce]
- [http://www.cityofgigharbor.net/ Gig Harbor City Information] Category:Cities in Washington Category:Pierce County, Washington Category:Cities in the Seattle metropolitan area

Port Orchard, Washington

Port Orchard is the county seat of Kitsap County, Washington. It is located 13 miles due west of West Seattle and connected to Seattle and Vashon Island via the Washington State Ferries run to Southworth. It is named after Port Orchard, the strait that separates Bainbridge Island from the Kitsap Peninsula. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 7,693.

History

The town that was to become Port Orchard was originally platted in 1886 by Frederick Stevens, who named the new location after his father, Sidney. The town of Sidney was incorporated September 15, 1890, and was the first in Kitsap County to be both platted and incorporated. Shortly thereafter, the U.S. Navy sought a suitable location for another installation on the west coast, and found it with the assitance of Sidney's residents in Orchard Bay (this installation would later become the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard). The county seat was originally located in Port Madison, but moved after a popular vote to Sidney in 1892. In December of that same year, the residents of Sidney petitioned both the state legislature and the Post Office Department to rename the city to "Port Orchard". The legislature refused, as Charleston (now West Bremerton) had also requested that name. The Post Office Department, however, went through with the name change, and as a result the Port Orchard post office ended up in Sidney, and the Charleston post office ended up in Port Orchard. It wasn't until 1903 that local politician Will Thompson convinced the state legislature to correct this confusing situation, and relocated the Charleston post office to Charleston, at the same time renaming Sidney to "Port Orchard", as we know it today.

Geography

Will ThompsonPort Orchard is located at 47°31'54" North, 122°38'18" West (47.531563, -122.638405). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.7 km² (4.9 mi²). 10.4 km² (4.0 mi²) of it is land and 2.3 km² (0.9 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 17.92% water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 7,693 people, 2,901 households, and 1,772 families residing in the city. The population density is 738.9/km² (1,912.1/mi²). There are 3,178 housing units at an average density of 305.2/km² (789.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 82.22% White, 4.00% African American, 1.49% Native American, 3.69% Asian, 1.05% Pacific Islander, 1.38% from other races, and 6.16% from two or more races. 5.13% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 2,901 households out of which 34.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.5% are married couples living together, 16.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% are non-families. 30.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.40 and the average family size is 2.99. In the city the population is spread out with 25.6% under the age of 18, 13.2% from 18 to 24, 33.3% from 25 to 44, 16.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 31 years. For every 100 females there are 105.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 105.1 males. The median income for a household in the city is $34,020, and the median income for a family is $41,946. Males have a median income of $33,610 versus $25,739 for females. The per capita income for the city is $16,382. 12.9% of the population and 10.9% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 17.2% of those under the age of 18 and 9.1% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

External links

- [http://portorchard.net/ PortOrchard.net]
- [http://www.cityofportorchard.us/ City of Port Orchard]
- [http://visitkitsap.com/cities.asp?ID=12 Kitsap Peninsula Visitor Information - Port Orchard] Category:Kitsap County, Washington

Category:Unincorporated communities in Washington

This category is for named communities in the state of Washington that have no political existence, whether neighborhoods or census-designated places. Category:Washington Washington

Partit Revolucionari Institucional

El Partit Revolucionari Institucional (en castellà: Partido Revolucionario Institucional, PRI), és un partit polític mexicà que va tenir un poder hegemònic al país gran part del segle XX. Va sorgir per idea del president Plutarco Elías Calles per a aturar les lluites entre les faccions victorioses de la Revolució Mexicana, i garantir la transició pacífica del poder. Al llarg de la història el partit va canviar de nom. Originalment va ser fundat com a Partit Nacional Revolucionari el 1929. El president Lázaro Cárdenas, potser el president mexicà més famós i estimat d'aquest segle, va canviar el seu nom a Partit de la Revolució Mexicana. Finalment, el 1946, el seu nom va ser canviat a l'actual Partit Revolucionari Institucional.

Història dels governs emanats del partit

Miracle mexicà

Atès que l'origen del partit és la Revolució Mexicana, el seu esperit era socialista. Com a partit de govern després de la lluita armada, va gaudir del suport camperol i obrer. Les primeres dècades de govern priísta, van estar caracteritzades per la pacificació del país, i un impressionant desenvolupament econòmic que s'ha anomenat el "Miracle Mexicà". En aquest període es van crear les institucions de seguretat social, els sindicats de treballadors, es va nacionalitzar la indústria petroliera (que era controlada per nord-americans i anglesos), i es va fer el repartiment gratuït de terra als camperols. Per aquestes raons, el suport al partit va ser gairebé absolut a nivell federal i estatal. A més, Mèxic experimentaria transicions governamentals pacífiques la resta del segle: a diferència d'altres països de Llatinoamèrica, Mèxic no va experimentar cap cop d'estat, i el Congrés de la Unió mai no va ser dissolt per decisió presidencial.

Poder i frau

Malgrat l'estabilitat obtinguda els primers quaranta anys després de la Revolució Mexicana, el partit es va fer de molt poder governamental, i alguns historiadors el van comparar a un partit d'estat. Encara que al començament gaudia del suport de les classes pobres i camperoles, va adquirir la reputació de guanyar en noves eleccions per mitjà del frau i fins i tot la violència, la corrupció i la repressió, i de limitar el ple desenvolupament democràtic del país. Va ser severament criticat per la repressió de la manifestació estudiantil el 1968, dies abans del començament dels Jocs Olímpics a la ciutat de Mèxic.

Crisis econòmiques

Les dificultats econòmiques i la crisi petroliera dels anys setanta i vuitanta, van fer que el suport obrer i camperol del partit minvessin. El PRI va començar a perdre en eleccions locals la dècada de 1980, i va perdre les primeres eleccions a governador d'estat el 1989, a Baja California. Les eleccions presidencials de 1988 van ser les més controvertibles de tota la història del país. El candidat del principal partit d'oposició de llavors, Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas, fill del conegut i estimat ex-president Lázaro Cárdenas, va ser la primera amenaça seriosa electoral per al PRI. De fet, segons alguns sondejos i enquestes indiquen seria Cárdenas el que va guanyar les eleccions, però, per frau electoral es declararia victoriós Carlos Salinas de Gortari el candidat del PRI.

Nou vigor

Carlos Salinas, però, va ser el primer d'una nova onada de presidents economistes. Orientat cap al neo-liberalisme, va controlar la inflació del país, va reestructurar el deute extern, va crear l'Institut Federal Electoral com a institució independent i governada per ciutadans, va promoure la inversió estrangera i el lliure comerç, va terminar amb les lleis anti-clericals, i va firmar el NAFTA amb els Estats Units i el Canadà. Malgrat la controvèrsia de les eleccions que el van fer guanyador, amb el creixement econòmic que Mèxic va experimentar per primera vegada en més d'una dècada, Carlos Salinas, va guanyar reputació i suport dintre i fora del país, i va donar un nou vigor al PRI, que va guanyar les eleccions presidencials de 1994 que serien aleshores reconegudes com les més transparents de la història del país.

La crisi de 1994 i la transició política

Amb l'aixecament armat de l'Exèrcit Zapatista d'Alliberament Nacional (EZLN, en castellà), i l'assassinat del candidat del PRI per a les eleccions presidencials de 1994, els inversors van dubtar de l'estabilitat política i econòmica del país, la qual cosa va provocar la sortida de capitals i d'inversió indirecta. El desembre de 1994, el nou president, sense poder controlar més la situació, va devaluar la moneda mexicana, i el país es va enfonsar en la pitjor crisi econòmica de la seva història. El PRI, i el ex president Salinas van ser severament criticats com a causants de la caiguda econòmica. El 1997, per primera vegada des de la Revolució Mexicana, el PRI va ser minoria a la Cambra de Diputats, i finalment el 2000 va perdre les eleccions presidencials, on el guanyador va ser Vicente Fox, del Partit Acció Nacional. En perdre les eleccions presidencials, els polítics vaticinaven la desaparició o el desmembrament del PRI, que era considerat per molts el causant de les crisis econòmiques del país i de la corrupció i repressió. Sorpresivament, però, el partit es va reestructurar, guanyant la majoria (encara que no majoria absoluta) de la Cambra de Diputats el 2003, i les eleccions a governador de diversos estats de la federació que abans eren administrades per altres partits. Es considera que si es manté unit, el partit podria guanyar les eleccions presidencials del 2006.

Perspectiva del desenvolupament democràtic de Mèxic

Les eleccions presidencials del 2000, quan el candidat del PRI va perdre per primera vegada en més de 70 anys, han marcat la història de la política i la democràcia a Mèxic. Els opositors al PRI l'han anomenat la primera "transició democràtica" o el "començament de la democràcia" del país. No obstant, el terme més adequat és el terme de "transició política". Malgrat les ocasions de frau electoral, corrupció i repressió sota els governs del PRI, dir que la democràcia va començar el 2000 seria ignorar el enorme suport que gaudia el PRI durant les primeres dècades del "Miracle Mexicà", ignorar el procés cap a una veritable i plena democràcia que van iniciar diversos protagonistes de diversos partits (siguin d'esquerra i de dreta) la dècada dels anys vuitanta, i ignorar que el esdeveniment més important seria la creació de l'Institut Federal Electoral els anys noranta. Per mtijà d'aquest Institut, creat per un president del PRI, es va permetre que l'estructura electoral fos controlada completament pels ciutadans, i es va fer que la credencial para votar sigui avui el Document Nacional d'Identificació del país, registrant així, automàticament a tots els ciutadans al padró electoral sense cap obstacle burocràtic. (Als Estats Units, per exemple, els ciutadans han de registrar-se al padró abans de votar per a cada elecció). És a dir, el procés cap a una veritable democràcia a Mèxic va començar anys abans del 2000, però arribaria a la maduresa per mitjà d'aquesta alternança política de la presidència a un partit diferent.

Presidents de Mèxic que van ser candidats del PRI

#1928-1930 : Emilio Portes Gil #1930-1932 : Pascual Ortiz Rubio #1932-1934 : Abelardo L. Rodríguez #1934-1940 : Lázaro Cárdenas del Río #1940-1946 : Manuel Ávila Camacho #1946-1952 : Miguel Alemán #1952-1958 : Adolfo Ruiz Cortines #1958-1964 : Adolfo López Mateos #1964-1970 : Gustavo Díaz Ordaz #1970-1976 : Luis Echeverría #1976-1982 : José López Portillo #1982-1988 : Miguel de la Madrid #1988-1994 : Carlos Salinas de Gortari #1994-2000 : Ernesto Zedillo

Vegeu també

- Revolució Mexicana
- Història de Mèxic

Enllaços externs

- [http://www.pri.org.mx Pàgina oficial del PRI, en castellà]
- [http://www.ife.org.mx Institut Federal Electoral, en castellà] Categoria:Mèxic

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